Slicing: Turning Models into Prints
A slicer (PrusaSlicer, Bambu Studio, OrcaSlicer, Cura; Lychee or Chitubox for resin) converts a 3D model into printer instructions (G-code) and estimates time and material.
Key settings
| Setting | Effect | Typical start (0.4 mm nozzle) |
|---|---|---|
| Layer height | detail vs speed | 0.2 mm standard, 0.12 mm fine |
| Walls / perimeters | strength and surface quality | 2–4 walls |
| Top/bottom layers | solid skins | 4–6 layers |
| Infill density | internal support and strength | 10–20% decorative, 30–50% functional |
| Infill pattern | strength and speed | gyroid or grid |
| Supports | hold overhangs | only where needed |
| Adhesion | first layer grip | brim for small or warping parts |
More walls usually add more strength than more infill.
Orientation
Orientation affects strength, supports and appearance:
- Layers are weakest when pulled apart; orient parts so loads run along layers.
- Place the flattest large face on the bed.
- Minimise overhangs and visible support marks on show surfaces.
Supports
- Overhangs beyond about 45° generally need support.
- Tree/organic supports use less material and are easier to remove.
- Use support blockers and enforcers to place them precisely.
Previewing
Always check the layer preview: look for gaps, unsupported islands, thin walls that vanish and travel moves. Fixing it in the slicer is far cheaper than a failed 10-hour print.
Exercise
Slice the same functional bracket in two orientations and with 2 vs 4 walls; compare estimated time, material and expected strength, then print the best combination.
Check yourself
- Why do more walls usually help strength more than infill?
- Why does orientation affect part strength?
- What should you check in the layer preview?
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